There have been three conflicts in the late 20th century and early 21st century called the Persian Gulf War; two are occasionally referred to as the Second Gulf War:
- Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) (aka First Gulf War, Second Gulf War). This was a war between Iraq and a coalition of nations led by the United States in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
- the 2003 Iraq War (2003) (aka Second Persian Gulf War, Third Persian Gulf War). This was a war between Iraq and a coalition of nations led by the United States, which resulted in the removal from power of the government of Saddam Hussein.
